Unexpected impacts of Scarlet+ – the project that keeps on giving.

I find it interesting to reflect on the unintended consequences of a project such as Scarlet+. Here in Special Collections at University of Sussex the presence of three iPads has had a greater impact on the way we work than we expected. Originally bought to ensure that students who did not own the technology needed to access AR were not excluded, they have fast become a part of the way we teach. A large amount of the teaching done by staff in Special Collections is archive skills. Not only do we give them specific information on our holdings, but through our collections we also teach them in a general way how archives are structured, how to search a catalogue effectively, how to find out where relevant archives are held, and how to handle material. Being able to put a tablet on each table now allows the students to try out their own searches as we talk, prompting them to ask more questions, which I feel has in turn led to a  higher level of engagement.

Staff have also benefited in several ways. Having a portable catalogue to use when away from the office has proven very useful, especially in the reading rooms helping researchers or in the stores away from our files and computers. They are also replacing huge piles of print-outs in meetings as we can upload files to the tablet, making them accessible anywhere. But perhaps the most important change has been in where and how we can give access archives. Coming up with creative ways to give access when we cannot take archive material out of the stores and reading rooms for teaching or events has always been a challenge; we now have the ability to simply upload images and text to the tablet, pop it into a bag and give access to our archives anywhere. We are particularly excited about implications for schools, which can find it difficult to take large numbers of children out of the classroom; this technology might not be a replacement for a visit to an archive, but it is certainly an alternative.

Introducing AR to 2nd year students at UCA

On 25th January the Crafts Study Centre augmented reality (AR) app was introduced to 2nd year students on the Contextual and Theoretical Perspectives course at University for the Creative Arts, Farnham. The SCARLET+ lead academic, Adrian Bland (and Pathway Tutor for the course) introduced the project to the students and then they had the following brief introduction to AR:

[gigya src=”http://prezi.com/bin/preziloader.swf” type=”application/x-shockwave-flash” allowfullscreen=”true” allowscriptaccess=”always” style=”position:absolute” width=”500″ height=”364″ bgcolor=”#ffffff” flashvars=”prezi_id=mewlfkbikpeq&lock_to_path=0&color=ffffff&autoplay=no&autohide_ctrls=0″]

The Prezi can also be accessed here: http://prezi.com/mewlfkbikpeq/introduction-to-ar/

Most useful about the session was the opportunity to ask students questions about augmented reality. The key points were:

  • prior to the presentation none of the students said they’d heard of AR
  • after the presentation students were asked if they owned suitable mobile or tablet devices, the vast majority (approx. 24/30**) of the students did not have the right devices
  • about one third of students (approx. 10/30**) would be interested in visiting the Crafts Study Centre to make use of one of the devices in the Gallery
  • one student commented that they would like to use it, as a non-programmer, to create their own AR apps
  • another couple of students commented that a AR app may lock-down research by making it either one-sided in its perspective or making it too easy for the researcher
  • several students felt they would be missing out by not owning the devices themselves, they wanted to know how they could access the content otherwise
  • one student asked who was going to spend the time creating the content for the app – the lecturer? – the student commented that this would be time consuming for the lecturer

My own perspective on the session  was that I was surprised that the students brought up issues that had already been discussed at the workshop amongst academics and other staff. I was hoping that more of the students might have owned a compatible device but not surprised by this result as we were aware of this as a risk.

Jean Vacher, Institutional Lead for SCARLET+ at UCA, followed up this session with a short introduction to the Crafts Study Centre collections on 1st February.

We are now working to develop another version of the AR app during February.

** there were approximately 30 students in attendance, statistics are rough estimates

Tips on creating education based AR

Over the last few weeks I have been reading many blog posts heralding 2013 as the year that AR becomes the present instead of the future. Unfortunately, from an educational perspective, AR is still written about primarily as a marketing and advertising tool where user experiences can be shallow and fleeting. Location based AR such as Bomb Sight has probably come closest to demonstrating a recent educational use case, allowing the user to identify where bombs were dropped in WW2 London and experiencing the conditions of the blitz through historical photos.

There is certainly plenty of enthusiasm in the educational community for AR, but quite rightly we are forced to look beyond the gimmicky nature of new technology to qualify how this can improve existing support mechanisms for students. As most online examples are created by companies outside of the educational sector it is difficult to know where to start. In response to this, I thought it would be good to list a few tips when thinking about using AR in an educational context for the first time.

  • Look at existing support material, think about how AR can enhance or offer a new experience to the user. If you are merely translating them to be delivered via AR, you should perhaps think carefully about whether this is a good idea.
  • Work with students from the start of your project, this can provide a valuable tool which can inform future development and identify if they would find an AR resource beneficial.
  • When using natural feature tracking (either a 2D image or 3D object) print out of the tracking image and add cut out notes so you can visualise the content (3D models, text, audio, video, images). This is similar to a paper browser wireframe employed in website design. It can provide a quick and simple method to plan the layout and a time-saving tool to easily communicate your ideas to others.storyboard
  • There is so much potential with using AR for tactile or kinesthetic user groups so make sure your AR uses interactivity to place students central to the learning experience. For instance, to explain the periodic table, you could provide images or molecular models next to chemical symbols providing a visual relationship.
  • AR is more suited to deliver small bite sized chunks of information that users can digest quickly. Think of your AR experience as a springboard for further learning and investigation, piquing the curiosity of the user.
  • If possible the tracking image should be integral to the learning experience. The user can then make a meaningful association between the printed image/object and surrounding e-resources. This is more likely to lead to better knowledge retention.Dental corrosion

Augmented Reality in teaching, examples from 2012 and people to follow in 2013

I have not found too many examples of Augmented Reality (AR) used in teaching and learning, so I’d love to hear from anyone that has one, or in fact people that would like to work on AR projects in 2013. After all the work we have done in the past two years and all the enthusiasm we have built up at Mimas it means we are now able to offer bespoke training  for institutions or get involved in projects.

I wasn’t so interested in prospectus or marketing purposes, although there is some good work going on and the benefits are pretty obvious. I was interested in teachers working with educational technologists to develop pedagogically sound AR, in other words AR that helps teachers to teach and students to learn. AR is such a new area for teaching, it’s really important to promote those of us that are experimenting. We’ve certainly found ways that it works well and ways that it doesn’t, but it’s important to find these things out before it goes mainstream.

So here are my favourite examples from 2012:

Image

The cARe project explores two examples of Augmented Reality (AR) with a focus on nursing students, after working as an educational technologist in a nursing department this really did interest me. This blog post will give you a nice overview: http://blogs.city.ac.uk/care/2012/11/09/188/ . Farzana Latif, Education Technology Project Manager and AR Developer, also organised a great AR event earlier in the year which brought people, interested in AR, together.  I also like this project because it was funded through the Jisc Evaluator pitches, which meant rapid development but backed by a great idea. Follow Farzana on Twitter @farzanalatif

ImageA new project to watch is the work at Kendal College with plumbing students. It’s part of the FE and Skills Development and Resources Programme that will see some great new resources developed on the back off existing Jisc resources, many of which will be deposited into Jorum. Judy Bloxam (@gingerblox) from the RSC NW has recently written this article about AR and the work at Kendal College. I don’t know a great deal about the project but with my interest in AR and in skills subjects I am certain we will be able to learn from this work. I’ll be attending their webinar tomorrow.

ImageOf course I must mention the work we are doing at Mimas, most people know about the work at the University of Manchester – Scarlet which won a team award at ALT-C this year – but you might be less aware of the excellent work with the University of Sussex and the University for the CreImageative Arts. The project (Scarlet+ named so because it’s all about adding AR skills to other institutions) subject areas ranges from Thatcher’s Britain to British crafts. You might also be interested to know that we have also been looking at the use of AR in medicine, with Hairdressing Training and most recently  with Landmap, check our our ImagePinterest board for some examples.

Follow us @team_scarlet or me @lauraar

Other people to follow if you want to know what’s going on with AR in education:

Jo Alcock @joeyanne for Library related AR applications

Mark Power @markpower  from Jisc CETIS

‏Other members of the Scarlet+ team @SussexSpeccoll and @CSC_UCA

Recent related articles:

Jisc Inform Issue 35, an article entitled ‘What’s real any more?

CILIP Multimedia Information and Technology Group (MMIT) has recently released a special edition of their journal on mobile technologies.

Thanks

I’ve worked with some fantastic people on AR this year and really hope to be saying a lot more about AR in education by 2014. Please do contact me at Mimas if you have more examples, if you want to work with on AR in education projects or need some training.

Discovering augmented reality at UCA

This is the third in a trio of blog posts inspired by the workshop led by Team SCARLET on Friday 7th December at University for the Creative Arts (UCA). The other two blog posts deal with the CSC’s working prototype AR application and with a lecturer’s perspective on AR.

Attendees from UCA to the workshop included lecturers, curators, learning technologists, librarians and archivists. Matt’s presentation gave a really good overview of what augmented reality (AR) is and how it can be used in lots of different settings; this was complemented by Guyda’s presentation about her experience as an academic working with AR for the first time on the original SCARLET project (JISC, 2011-12).

A 3-D model of an edition of Dante's Inferno

A 3-D model of an edition of Dante’s Inferno

AR shown over a fragment of the Gospel of St. John

AR shown over a fragment of the Gospel of St. John

Guyda highlighted the augmented reality that is available for fragments of the Gospel of St. John; this includes placing the fragment as part of the whole original text, an English translation of the Ancient Greek original, a video, as well as a wealth of additional contextual information.

Key points from the discussion:

  • Why AR?
  • Guyda framed the problem space well by saying that we are not trying to provide a solution and need to ask questions; sometimes the points of resistance can be the most interesting.
  • The need to find a way to get students to contribute to the AR development – for example actually building it themselves – in the words of one lecturer ‘from the receptive model moving out to co-creators’.
  • Bringing staff from other departments (such as computer gaming) as well as students to the next workshop.
  • ‘Do you give students what they want or what they need?’ – for example one lecturer delibrately doesn’t put up their full lecture notes in the VLE – they provide handouts with key points when students attend in class.
  • What about catering for students who don’t own compatible devices – there are issues of resourcing and technical support to be overcome with AR that don’t apply to ‘pen and paper’ in the UK.

Workshop comments:

At the end of the workshop participants were asked ‘What was the most useful aspect of the workshop?’ and ‘What would they like the next workshop to include?’ responses (on postit notes) from different lecturers included:

“I now know what Augmented Reality and QR Codes are!”

“It’s made me think about how students search, record and document again.”

“What was most useful? To see how material culture studies can take this technology further in this type of institution to contrast with a university classroom setting.”

“Very exciting to see demo and explanation of thinking behind CSC use of Augmented Reality – set my brain thinking in several directions about the applications to my own work.”

Triangles and teapots: AR technology development

At the workshop led by Team SCARLET on 7th December, the Crafts Study Centre presented a rough demonstration of their AR development so far. The two key principles underpinning this work were (and continue to be):

  • ‘pedagogy before technology’;
  • and focusing on rough working prototypes rather than polished final product (at this stage).

Conversations and discussions with our lead academic have been central to the technical development work. Stages in the development process so far have included:

  • a basic AR ‘proof of concept’ (a single image appearing over the pattern) – just to make sure we could achieve something before taking this any further and potentially wasting time;
  • an interactive PowerPoint – used for discussion whilst we were waiting for technical requests to be responded to;
  • research into the Muriel Rose Archive – this was necessary to inform the content to be selected;
  • an A3 pencil sketch/brainstorm – before work on the digital version began;
  • and the working prototype presented last Friday.
The pattern, an image of the interior of The Little Gallery, presented in its archival box context.

The pattern, an image of the interior of The Little Gallery, presented in its archival box context.

Photograph of the CSC presentation on 7th December

Detail view of the working prototype showing 4 images (printed textile, glass, teapot, cutlery). Image courtesy of @team_scarlet

The working prototype was an attempt to begin to address our agreed three objectives with the lead academic:

  • augmented reality itself as a contextual framework in its own right
  • content (ceramics, metalwork and jewellery, glass, textiles) which students can themselves critically evaluate and thereby use to position their own practice
  • research methods – focusing on the role of the Crafts Study Centre and making this appear more accessible to students who may not consider visiting a museum or gallery
The 3 key things needed for technical development (excluding content and learning objectives)

The 3 key things needed for technical development (excluding content and learning objectives)

Technical challenges to produce the working prototype can be summarised in the following triangle diagram:

If a piece of the triangle is missing, it is an uphill challenge to develop AR. So far we have been able to borrow devices from external sources, and also borrow FTP access to a folder (from VADS) with intermittent problems with the eduroam Wi-Fi connection.

After Matt’s training workshop in October I finally had a level of understanding to be able to use the Junaio Quickstart GLUE tutorials; through following these step-by-step I was finally able to solve the mystery of the channel not validating (and the content not working). The answer to the puzzle was as subtle as adding “?path=” to the end of the callback URL (this was not required for either MIMAS or University of Sussex’s callback URLs).

Next steps…

  • Revisiting the working prototype to better consider the three objectives e.g. how are students going to be introduced to AR as a contextual framework and how will we test this
  • Meeting with students to test another iteration of the working prototype
  • Recording one or more videos to meet the objective about making the concept of visiting the CSC for research more accessible
  • If it fits with the continued development, then it would be good to integrate the Google Map (I created based on Kate Woodhead’s unpublished Muriel Rose thesis) with the AR technology – also so students didn’t feel limited to just ‘the room’ (or the interior of The Little Gallery)

AR thoughts & questions from a lecturer’s perspective

On Friday 7th December Team SCARLET visited the University for the Creative Arts (UCA) to give a workshop on augmented reality. The following thoughts and questions in this blog post are taken from the notes of one of the attendees to the workshop, Rebecca Skeels, Pathway Leader in Jewellery & Metalwork: Three Dimensional Design, School of Crafts, Visual Arts & Design, Farnham.

Potential uses for AR within UCA and for students of Jewellery & Metalwork:

  • Marketing – people could scan the CSC or UCA or Library buildings and get information about what’s inside
  • Linking of information – to the real world, to documents, to geo-locations, and to objects
  • Exhibitions – use of AR to add information from videos and/or text by curators and makers. This could also encourage research: processes, thoughts, views; and provide background on artists or course background
  • Workshops and equipment – students could scan equipment to access instructions on using it safely – it would be good if they could also add their own notes and test pieces and snapshots to this to make a digital personal technical file
  • Rooms and maps – adding useful information i.e. similar to marketing information

Some questions about the use of AR in education and research:

  • With AR could we be locking down information? or limiting, rather than encouraging, research and research methods?
  • Could AR and research be viewed as separate things?
  • Who do we get to do it all?
  • It would be interesting to see AR working without the use of the QR codes, for example it recognising an image in a book or on a plinth
  • How can staff keep up-to-date with the technology? What happens when it doesn’t work?
  • There is a need to value the searching skills and personal methods of searching for various projects (also different per student).
  • Is AR something that helps students learn and remember? What about note taking skills? Students gathering the collection information themselves? Do the gallery environment and archive environment need to be separated from the teaching and education environment to embed into courses?

We look forward to following these discussions up with our lead academic, as well as Rebecca, and also students themselves.

SCARLET+ ‘What has it got in its Pockets-es?’ – introducing Augmented Reality to students without getting them lost in the dark.

I have to report that my first attempt to introduce the ‘Voices In Your Pocket’ app. to University of Sussex students was less than a roaring success.

Scarlet+ Voices In Your Pocket in a boxAt the end of November I packed an archive box with three iPads and folders containing print-outs of the trigger image and basic how-to-instructions and took it into an MA History seminar on the 1980s.

From our experience of talking about and demonstrating AR with colleagues, both the tutor, our Scarlet+ academic Dr. Lucy Robinson and I had expected a fairly high level of enthusiasm in the technology itself. This did not turn out to be the case. Most of the group were hesitant about even picking up the iPads, commenting that they were not used to ‘being given toys’ and ‘would rather just have the originals’. The instructions I had provided proved to be inadequate; I had kept them simple as I had assumed there would be a certain level of knowledge and confidence amongst the majority of the students. The fact that this was not the target group, and that the app was not complete cannot have helped, either.

SCARLET User DemoHaving looked back at Matt Ramirez’s glorious hand-outs from Scarlet’s Dante project, I can see that the step-by-step instruction diagram style he used would have suited this group far better and I will be performing a complete overhaul of my instructions.

It was difficult to gauge the level of interest in the material itself as the group was not forthcoming with their comments. The advice I had been given was not to structure the session too much and to listen to comments as they came, but with such a quiet group having some sort of written feedback form ready to hand out might have given them an alternative outlet and produced better results. Setting them a simple task or asking them a question at the start might also help with engagement, so I will be looking into this.

The false-security-blanket that the enthusiasm and technical know-how of library and archive staff had given me has been pulled away. I have much work to do on how the ‘Voices In Your Pocket’ Augmented Reality app is presented to students, starting with returning to the training pages on the Scarlet Toolkit.

Demonstrating value

I was recently asked to blog about what I felt was the value of a JISC Project we are leading here at Sussex called Observing the 1980s. Of course one of the unforseen values of that Project was that it provided us with the wherewithall (digitised images and copyright permission) to easily commit and contribute to – the Scarlet+ Project.

SCARLET Toolkit

The SCARLET tool-kit is available to enable teachers, technologists and librarians to construct their own tailored AR applications within the context of Special Collections, adapting the University of Exeter’s (From ‘Unlocking the Hidden Curriculum’ project) toolkit. The toolkit  includes course content templates for AR, technical recommendations, an overview of the pedagogical and technical process, lessons learned in addition to advocating the benefits of using AR.
Although it was originally created with Special Collections in mind, the high level nature of the methodology allows potential translation to other subject areas(e.g. science, medicine, architecture etc.)

It is still in development and constantly evolving, so any feedback or recommendations would be gratefully received.

http://scarlet.mimas.ac.uk/mediawiki